Sáng kiến kinh nghiệm Cách viết một số dạng bài luận Tiếng Anh Lớp 9

 SÁNG KIẾN KINH NGHIỆM
 ĐỀ TÀI:
"CÁCH VIẾT MỘT SỐ DẠNG BÀI LUẬN TIẾNG ANH LỚP 9"
 0 và học Tiếng Anh. Đặc biệt đối với đối tượng là học sinh giỏi, ở mỗi cấp thi các em 
thường xuyên gặp phải những bài viết luận. Nhiều khi các em lúng túng, lẫn lộn không 
biết mình phải viết kiểu gì, trình bày bài luận ra sao, dùng những cấu trúc câu nào cho 
hợp lí.... Vì vậy tôi mạnh dạn chọn đề tài " Cách viết một số dạng bài luận Tiếng Anh" 
này để giúp các em nắm được cách viết một số kiểu bài luận. Từ đó nâng cao hiệu qủa 
giảng dạy bộ môn, đặc biết chất lượng học sinh giỏi môn Tiếng Anh lớp 9.
II. MỤC ĐÍCH CỦA ĐỀ TÀI:
 Từ thực tế trên, tôi không ngừng nghiên cứu, học tập, thực nghiệm những phương 
pháp, thủ thuật dạy viết để tìm ra cách dạy viết có hiệu qủa nhất như: 
- Giúp học sinh nắm được cách viết một số dạng bài luận.
- Giúp học sinh biết cách sử dụng các cấu trúc ở từng phần trong bài luận
- Rèn luyện cho học sinh có tính tư duy độc lập.
- Giúp học sinh lòng yêu thích môn học, khắc phục tâm lí sợ bài luận khi tham gia các kỳ 
thi học sinh giỏi các cấp.
- Giúp giáo viên hiểu sâu hơn về cách viết một số dạng bài luận
III. ĐỐI TƯỢNG NGHIÊN CỨU:
- Về qui mô: Tìm hiểu vận dụng các phương pháp dạy viết luận
- Về không gian: Học sinh giỏi môn Tiếng Anh lớp 9- THCS, các dạng viết luận trong 
chương trình Tiếng Anh THCS
- Về thời gian: Khảo sát từ tháng 8 năm 2010 đến nay.
IV. PHƯƠNG PHÁP NGHIÊN CỨU:
 - Dựa trên đặc trưng bộ môn Tiếng Anh, theo phương pháp đổi mới dạy học cấp 
THCS.
 - Dự giờ đồng nghiệp để tìm hiểu thực trạng kĩ năng viết ở trường THCS
 - Áp dụng các hình thức viết khác nhau như bài viết có hướng dẫn hay bài tập viết 
sáng tạo.
 - Tham khảo kĩ năng dạy viết qua sách, báo, những thông tin liên quan trên mạng 
Internet.
 - Tiếp thu các ý kiến của đồng nghiệp để rút kinh nghiệm, chắt lọc các phương 
pháp hay để áp dụng cho phù hợp.
V. PHẠM VI VÀ THỜI GIAN NGHIÊN CỨU:
 2 If you are asked to describe somebody related to the past. Somebody who is no longer 
alive or somebody you met some time ago, you will describe the person using Past simple 
tenses.
* Linking words and Structures: Writing which contains a series of short sentences or 
the same simple linking words(such as"and") soon becomes boring and repetitive. To 
avoid this, you should use a wide range of linking words and structures
- with: She is tall and striking, with long blonde hair
- Relative Clauses: who/which/whose
My neighbour, who is slightly eccentric, has dozens of filthy cats
He is a scruffy child whose clothes are torn and dirty.
He has a broken nose, which makes hims look like a boxer.
- Result: so/such (a)...(that)
She is so beautiful that she looks like a film star.
- Addition: in addition to, as well as/ besides, moreover, furthermore, not only... but 
also...,etc.
He is very tall, in addition to being very thin.
My grandmother has deep wrinkles, as well as thin grey hair.
He is not only artistic, but also a successful businessman.
- Contrast: but/yet/However/Nonetheless/Even so + Clause
 Although/(Even) though/ While + Clause
 In spite of/ Despite + -ing form/noun/the fact that
He is temperamental, but/yet he is a loyal friend.
He looks as through he's an old man. However, he is only 35.
Although he has a huge, powerful body, he's a very gentle person.
In spite of being very busy, she always has time for her children.
- Linking cause and effect:
She is open and friend.(cause) She is popular.(effect)
 Because/as/since owing to/due to(+-ing/noun/the fact that)...
As a result/consequence of A/the result of ...is... ; as a result,...
 4 immature at times. For example, when he doesn't get what he wants, he acts childishly 
and stamps his feet.
 Jacques is very keen on water sports. He likes sailing and he spends a lot of time on 
his boat. He enjoys scuba diving, too, and loves exploring life under sea.
 All in all, I'm glad to have Hacques as my friend. It's a pleasure to be with him and 
I really enhoy his company. I'm sure we'll always be close friends.
II. Descibing places/ Buildings
1. Introduction: name/ location/ population of the place, reason for choosing the place.
+ Factual information such as age, size, colour, material, etc.
Eg: The temple, with 10-meter tall marble columns, was built in 800BC
+ Details relating to the senses ( sight, hearing, smell, touch, taste) to suggest mood and 
atmosphere
Eg: Visitors' footsteps on the wom stone floors echo through the cool, dark corridors, 
disturbing the tranquil silence
2. Main body: general features and particular details 
+ Place: surroundings, sights, facilities, free-time activities
+ Building: surroundings, detailed description of exterior/ interior.
3. Conclusion:
Comments/ feelings or a recommendation
* Notice:
- Each aspect of the description should be presented in a separate paragraph beginning 
with a clear topic sentence.
- Present tenses are normal used when describing a place for a tourist brochure or a 
magazine article.
- Past tenses are normal used when describing a visit to a place/building.
- First and second conditionals(will/would) can be used when you describe your ideal 
city/house,etc
- When we give factual information about a place or building this is normally given using 
Present tenses
 6 - The same as
Eg: The cottage was the same as it had been fifty years before.
- (relatively/considerably) less ... (positive degree) ... than
Eg: The new buildings are considerably less ornate than the old ones.
- (much/far/considerably) more + adjective/ adverbs + than
Eg: The northern area is more picturesque than the eastern area.
- (by far) the most + adjective
Eg: Hill Manor is by far the most elegant hotel in the region.
- comparative + and + comparative
Eg: The streets are becoming dirtier and dirtier.
- the comparative ..., the + comparative
Eg: The further south you travel, the warmer it becomes.
Topic: Describe your school
 I study in XYZ Secondary School. It is one of the best schools in Singapore. It 
consists of several Roman style buildings. Our school has all the facilities of a modern 
school, such as well furnished and airy class rooms, best laboratories, a big library with a 
huge collection of books, a vast play ground and even a swimming pool.
 Our school building is situated in the middle. There is motorway leading from the 
main entrance. The playground is on the left of the motorway and a big garden on the 
right. When you enter the building, the principal’s room is on the left. They are all well 
furnished. There are twenty classrooms. Our laboratories are well equipped. The school 
library has an up-to-date collection of books on many subjects. Our librarian and her two 
assistants are very helpful.
 Our school, like other schools, has prescribed a uniform for us. We have to wear 
white trousers, a white shirt and a black tie. The girls have to wear white shirts and skirts.
 Our principal is very strict as he pays strict attention to behavior, punctuality and 
cleanliness. The most well-behaved and punctual student will be assigned as the class 
prefect.
 Our principal is a strict disciplinarian. He accepts the help and advice of all 
teachers. Though our principal is strict, he is fair and loving. He tries to find out the 
reason and guides us. If one violates any rules, he will be punished. Our principal is very 
strict in this aspect.
 8 Sets the scene(place, time, character(s), etc.), creates an intersting mood/ atmosphere to 
make the reader want to continue reading, and/or begins dramatically to capture the 
reader's attention.
2. Main body: Develope the story ( Describe incidents leading up to the main events and 
the event itself in detail. Describe people/ place/ emotions/ actions/etc)
3. Conclusion: End the story(complete the plot; describe feelings/ reactions; explain the 
conspuences)
* Notice:
- Before writing, you must first think of a suitable story outline, the you should decide on 
a detail plot, including how the story will begin, who the characters will be, where the 
story will happen, the events in the order you will present them, and how the story will 
end.
- Narratives are normally set in the past, and therefore use a variety of past tenses.For 
example, Past Continuous is often used to set the scene (eg: The wind was howling...); 
Past simple is used for the main events(eg: He entered the room, looked around, and...); 
Past perfect is used to describe an event before the main events(eg: She had set out in the 
morning, full of hope, but now she felt...)
- The sequence of events is important: before, after, then, in the evening, later, in the end, 
until, while, during, finally, etc.
* Techniques for beginning or ending stories:
- You can start your story by:
+ describing the weather, place, people, etc, using senses
+ using direct speech
+ asking a rhetorical question
+ creating mystery or suspense
+ referring to feelings or moods
+ addressing the reader directly
- You can end your story by:
+ using direct speech
+ referring to feelings or moods
+ describing people's reactions to the events developed in the main body.
 10 Not only was I exhausted, but also extremely hungry
"Not until/before" and "Only when/if" are followed by inversion in the second part of the 
sentence.
Eg: Not until it grew dark did they stop searching for the missing dog.
Topic: Tell about the memories of your childhood?
 The memories of childhood have their own kind of nostalgia. With the passage of 
time, one feels more attached to this childhood, the best period of a man’s life. A child 
has no worries, anxieties and no work. He is free from the dirty and filthy noises of the 
world. His motto of life remains: eat, drink and be merry. The charm of childhood cannot 
be forgotten. These memories have everlasting impression on one’s life.
 When I recollect the days of my childhood, I feel very delighted over the pleasant 
period which I spent in my spirits. In my childhood I was carefree, having no worries at 
all. I used to wander like a deer in the open field and enjoyed the natural beauty in the 
gardens along with my other companions.
 Certain incidents are still fresh in my mind. For instance, at the age of five, I got a 
severe attack of typhoid. In those days, medical science was not so advanced, so in the 
absence of a proper diagnosis, I was reduced to a skeleton. After taking medicine for a 
long period, I was cured. The doctor advised me to go to some hill-station. So my father 
took me to Da Lat. Due to this attack in my early age, I became very weak and I still had 
not been able to recover my health.
 Another thing I still remember is my swimming accident. It was on a Sunday that I 
went with my friends for a picnic at Vung Tau beach. Some of us were expert swimmers 
but unfortunately I did not know much about swimming. My friends plunged into the sea 
in order to swim and persuaded me to do the same. Soon I was caught by the swift 
current in the water and was carried away. My scream of panic was heard by my friends 
who rescued me from drowning. I was really very grateful to them for saving my life.
 It is this period of childhood which has been described by poets and writers. To 
recollect the past is to plunge ourselves in a state of nostalgia. Wordsworth, the immortal 
poet of England, and a great worshipper of nature, describes in his poems his childhood 
period, which, to him, was full of pleasant memories. I too miss those good old days 
which had flown by so quickly.
V. Discursive Essays:
There are three main types of discursive essays
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